Built motion from commit 6a09e18b.|2.6.11
[motion2.git] / legacy-libs / grpc-cloned / deps / grpc / third_party / upb / upb / json / printer.c
diff --git a/legacy-libs/grpc-cloned/deps/grpc/third_party/upb/upb/json/printer.c b/legacy-libs/grpc-cloned/deps/grpc/third_party/upb/upb/json/printer.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
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+/*
+** This currently uses snprintf() to format primitives, and could be optimized
+** further.
+*/
+
+#include "upb/json/printer.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "upb/port_def.inc"
+
+struct upb_json_printer {
+  upb_sink input_;
+  /* BytesSink closure. */
+  void *subc_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+
+  /* We track the depth so that we know when to emit startstr/endstr on the
+   * output. */
+  int depth_;
+
+  /* Have we emitted the first element? This state is necessary to emit commas
+   * without leaving a trailing comma in arrays/maps. We keep this state per
+   * frame depth.
+   *
+   * Why max_depth * 2? UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH counts depth as nested messages.
+   * We count frames (contexts in which we separate elements by commas) as both
+   * repeated fields and messages (maps), and the worst case is a
+   * message->repeated field->submessage->repeated field->... nesting. */
+  bool first_elem_[UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH * 2];
+
+  /* To print timestamp, printer needs to cache its seconds and nanos values
+   * and convert them when ending timestamp message. See comments of
+   * printer_sethandlers_timestamp for more detail. */
+  int64_t seconds;
+  int32_t nanos;
+};
+
+/* StringPiece; a pointer plus a length. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} strpc;
+
+void freestrpc(void *ptr) {
+  strpc *pc = ptr;
+  upb_gfree(pc->ptr);
+  upb_gfree(pc);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool preserve_fieldnames;
+} upb_json_printercache;
+
+/* Convert fielddef name to JSON name and return as a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                bool preserve_fieldnames) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): handle malloc failure. */
+  strpc *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  if (preserve_fieldnames) {
+    ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(upb_fielddef_name(f));
+    ret->len = strlen(ret->ptr);
+  } else {
+    size_t len;
+    ret->len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, NULL, 0);
+    ret->ptr = upb_gmalloc(ret->len);
+    len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, ret->ptr, ret->len);
+    UPB_ASSERT(len == ret->len);
+    ret->len--;  /* NULL */
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Convert a null-terminated const char* to a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc_str(upb_handlers *h, const char * str) {
+  strpc * ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(str);
+  ret->len = strlen(str);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* ------------ JSON string printing: values, maps, arrays ------------------ */
+
+static void print_data(
+    upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  /* TODO: Will need to change if we support pushback from the sink. */
+  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc_, buf, len, NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(n == len);
+}
+
+static void print_comma(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  if (!p->first_elem_[p->depth_]) {
+    print_data(p, ",", 1);
+  }
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = false;
+}
+
+/* Helpers that print properly formatted elements to the JSON output stream. */
+
+/* Used for escaping control chars in strings. */
+static const char kControlCharLimit = 0x20;
+
+UPB_INLINE bool is_json_escaped(char c) {
+  /* See RFC 4627. */
+  unsigned char uc = (unsigned char)c;
+  return uc < kControlCharLimit || uc == '"' || uc == '\\';
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const char* json_nice_escape(char c) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case '"':  return "\\\"";
+    case '\\': return "\\\\";
+    case '\b': return "\\b";
+    case '\f': return "\\f";
+    case '\n': return "\\n";
+    case '\r': return "\\r";
+    case '\t': return "\\t";
+    default:   return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Write a properly escaped string chunk. The surrounding quotes are *not*
+ * printed; this is so that the caller has the option of emitting the string
+ * content in chunks. */
+static void putstring(upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  const char* unescaped_run = NULL;
+  unsigned int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = buf[i];
+    /* Handle escaping. */
+    if (is_json_escaped(c)) {
+      /* Use a "nice" escape, like \n, if one exists for this character. */
+      const char* escape = json_nice_escape(c);
+      /* If we don't have a specific 'nice' escape code, use a \uXXXX-style
+       * escape. */
+      char escape_buf[8];
+      if (!escape) {
+        unsigned char byte = (unsigned char)c;
+        _upb_snprintf(escape_buf, sizeof(escape_buf), "\\u%04x", (int)byte);
+        escape = escape_buf;
+      }
+
+      /* N.B. that we assume that the input encoding is equal to the output
+       * encoding (both UTF-8 for  now), so for chars >= 0x20 and != \, ", we
+       * can simply pass the bytes through. */
+
+      /* If there's a current run of unescaped chars, print that run first. */
+      if (unescaped_run) {
+        print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[i] - unescaped_run);
+        unescaped_run = NULL;
+      }
+      /* Then print the escape code. */
+      print_data(p, escape, strlen(escape));
+    } else {
+      /* Add to the current unescaped run of characters. */
+      if (unescaped_run == NULL) {
+        unescaped_run = &buf[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the string ended in a run of unescaped characters, print that last run. */
+  if (unescaped_run) {
+    print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[len] - unescaped_run);
+  }
+}
+
+#define CHKLENGTH(x) if (!(x)) return -1;
+
+/* Helpers that format floating point values according to our custom formats.
+ * Right now we use %.8g and %.17g for float/double, respectively, to match
+ * proto2::util::JsonFormat's defaults.  May want to change this later. */
+
+const char neginf[] = "\"-Infinity\"";
+const char inf[] = "\"Infinity\"";
+
+static size_t fmt_double(double val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  if (val == UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(inf));
+    strcpy(buf, inf);
+    return strlen(inf);
+  } else if (val == -UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(neginf));
+    strcpy(buf, neginf);
+    return strlen(neginf);
+  } else {
+    size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.17g", val);
+    CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_float(float val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.8g", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_bool(bool val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%s", (val ? "true" : "false"));
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_number(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%lld", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_number(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%llu", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_string(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%lld\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_string(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%llu\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+/* Print a map key given a field name. Called by scalar field handlers and by
+ * startseq for repeated fields. */
+static bool putkey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const strpc *key = handler_data;
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, key->ptr, key->len);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define CHKFMT(val) if ((val) == (size_t)-1) return false;
+#define CHK(val)    if (!(val)) return false;
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS(type, fmt_func)                                        \
+  static bool put##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data, type val) { \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    CHKFMT(length);                                                          \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool scalar_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,         \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));                                      \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool repeated_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,       \
+                              type val) {                                    \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    print_comma(p);                                                          \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(type, fmt_func)                                 \
+  static bool putmapkey_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,      \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);                                                  \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    print_data(p, "\":", 2);                                                 \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+TYPE_HANDLERS(double,   fmt_double)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(float,    fmt_float)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_string)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_string)
+
+/* double and float are not allowed to be map keys. */
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_number)
+
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY
+
+typedef struct {
+  void *keyname;
+  const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
+} EnumHandlerData;
+
+static bool scalar_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                        int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const char *symbolic_name;
+
+  CHK(putkey(closure, hd->keyname));
+
+  symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(hd->enumdef, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(closure, NULL, val);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void print_enum_symbolic_name(upb_json_printer *p,
+                                     const upb_enumdef *def,
+                                     int32_t val) {
+  const char *symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(def, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(p, NULL, val);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool repeated_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  return putkey(closure, handler_data) ? closure : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void start_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+}
+
+static void end_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  start_frame(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  end_frame(p);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "]", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                     size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+/* This has to Base64 encode the bytes, because JSON has no "bytes" type. */
+static size_t putbytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                       size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  /* This is the regular base64, not the "web-safe" version. */
+  static const char base64[] =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+  /* Base64-encode. */
+  char data[16000];
+  const char *limit = data + sizeof(data);
+  const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char*)str;
+  char *to = data;
+  size_t remaining = len;
+  size_t bytes;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  while (remaining > 2) {
+    if (limit - to < 4) {
+      bytes = to - data;
+      putstring(p, data, bytes);
+      to = data;
+    }
+
+    to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+    to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+    to[2] = base64[((from[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (from[2] >> 6)];
+    to[3] = base64[from[2] & 0x3f];
+
+    remaining -= 3;
+    to += 4;
+    from += 3;
+  }
+
+  switch (remaining) {
+    case 2:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+      to[2] = base64[(from[1] & 0xf) << 2];
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
+      to[2] = '=';
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  bytes = to - data;
+  putstring(p, data, bytes);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool scalar_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                               size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool repeated_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *mapkeyval_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool mapkey_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             const char *str, size_t len,
+                             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  print_data(p, ":", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void set_enum_hd(upb_handlers *h,
+                        const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                        upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  EnumHandlerData *hd = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(EnumHandlerData));
+  hd->enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
+  hd->keyname = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, upb_gfree);
+  attr->handler_data = hd;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a mapentry submessage (i.e., an individual key/value pair
+ * in a map).
+ *
+ * TODO: Handle missing key, missing value, out-of-order key/value, or repeated
+ * key or value cases properly. The right way to do this is to allocate a
+ * temporary structure at the start of a mapentry submessage, store key and
+ * value data in it as key and value handlers are called, and then print the
+ * key/value pair once at the end of the submessage. If we don't do this, we
+ * should at least detect the case and throw an error. However, so far all of
+ * our sources that emit mapentry messages do so canonically (with one key
+ * field, and then one value field), so this is not a pressing concern at the
+ * moment. */
+void printer_sethandlers_mapentry(const void *closure, bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                                  upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  /* A mapentry message is printed simply as '"key": value'. Rather than
+   * special-case key and value for every type below, we just handle both
+   * fields explicitly here. */
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(key_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_int32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_int64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, key_field, putmapkey_bool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, key_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_str, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, key_field, mapkey_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_bytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(value_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, putint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, value_field, putint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, value_field, putuint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, value_field, putuint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, value_field, putbool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      upb_handlers_setfloat(h, value_field, putfloat, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_handlers_setdouble(h, value_field, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, value_field, mapvalue_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putbytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      set_enum_hd(h, value_field, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, mapvalue_enum, &enum_attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      /* No handler necessary -- the submsg handlers will print the message
+       * as appropriate. */
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool putseconds(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                       int64_t seconds) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->seconds = seconds;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool putnanos(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                     int32_t nanos) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->nanos = nanos;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len + 2;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    const char *str, size_t len,
+    const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  const char* limit = str + len;
+  bool upper = false;
+  size_t result_len = 0;
+  for (; str < limit; str++) {
+    if (*str == '_') {
+      upper = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (upper && *str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') {
+      char upper_char = toupper(*str);
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, &upper_char, 1, handle));
+    } else {
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, 1, handle));
+    }
+    upper = false;
+    result_len++;
+  }
+  return result_len;
+}
+
+static void *startmap_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool putnull(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                    int32_t null) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_data(p, "null", 4);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(null);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startdurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN 23
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_enddurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  size_t base_len;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+
+  memset(buffer, 0, UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN);
+
+  if (p->seconds < -315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing duration: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "-315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error serializing duration: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _upb_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%ld", (long)p->seconds);
+  base_len = strlen(buffer);
+
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + base_len, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "s");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_starttimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN 31
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN 19
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_endtimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                    upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  time_t time = p->seconds;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t year_length =
+      strftime(buffer, UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN, "%Y", gmtime(&time));
+
+  if (p->seconds < -62135596800) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 253402300799) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* strftime doesn't guarantee 4 digits for year. Prepend 0 by ourselves. */
+  for (i = 0; i < 4 - year_length; i++) {
+    buffer[i] = '0';
+  }
+
+  strftime(buffer + (4 - year_length), UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN,
+           "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", gmtime(&time));
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "Z");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_noframe(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_noframe(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_onlykey(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for an Any submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_any(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* type_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_TYPE);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  /* type_url's json name is "@type" */
+  upb_handlerattr type_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_handlerattr value_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  strpc *type_url_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "@type");
+  strpc *value_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "value");
+
+  type_name_attr.handler_data = type_url_json_name;
+  value_name_attr.handler_data = value_json_name;
+
+  /* Set up handlers. */
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, type_field, scalar_startstr, &type_name_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, type_field, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendstr(h, type_field, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+
+  /* This is not the full and correct JSON encoding for the Any value field. It
+   * requires further processing by the wrapper code based on the type URL.
+   */
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, scalar_startstr_onlykey,
+                           &value_name_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a fieldmask submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a duration submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_duration(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startdurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_enddurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a timestamp submessage. Instead of printing fields
+ * separately, the json representation of timestamp follows RFC 3339 */
+void printer_sethandlers_timestamp(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_starttimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endtimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_value(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, putnull, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr_nokey, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, putbool, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        break;
+      default:
+        UPB_ASSERT(false);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+#define WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(wrapper, type, putmethod)                      \
+void printer_sethandlers_##wrapper(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) { \
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);                           \
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);                          \
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;                \
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);      \
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);          \
+  upb_handlers_set##type(h, f, putmethod, &empty_attr);                    \
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);                                                     \
+}
+
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(doublevalue, double, putdouble)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(floatvalue,  float,  putfloat)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int64value,  int64,  putint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint64value, uint64, putuint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int32value,  int32,  putint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint32value, uint32, putuint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(boolvalue,   bool,   putbool)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(stringvalue, string, putstr_nokey)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(bytesvalue,  string, putbytes)
+
+#undef WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS
+
+void printer_sethandlers_listvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_structvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  bool is_mapentry = upb_msgdef_mapentry(md);
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  const upb_json_printercache *cache = closure;
+  const bool preserve_fieldnames = cache->preserve_fieldnames;
+
+  if (is_mapentry) {
+    /* mapentry messages are sufficiently different that we handle them
+     * separately. */
+    printer_sethandlers_mapentry(closure, preserve_fieldnames, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(md)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED:
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY:
+      printer_sethandlers_any(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK:
+      printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION:
+      printer_sethandlers_duration(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP:
+      printer_sethandlers_timestamp(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_value(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_listvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT:
+      printer_sethandlers_structvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+#define WRAPPER(wellknowntype, name)        \
+  case wellknowntype:                       \
+    printer_sethandlers_##name(closure, h); \
+    return;                                 \
+
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE, doublevalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE, floatvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE, int64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE, uint64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE, int32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE, uint32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE, boolvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE, stringvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE, bytesvalue);
+
+#undef WRAPPER
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+#define TYPE(type, name, ctype)                                               \
+  case type:                                                                  \
+    if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {                                              \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, repeated_##ctype, &empty_attr);            \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, scalar_##ctype, &name_attr);               \
+    }                                                                         \
+    break;
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    upb_handlerattr name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    name_attr.handler_data = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_ismap(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &name_attr);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+    }
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   bool);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t);
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+        /* For now, we always emit symbolic names for enums. We may want an
+         * option later to control this behavior, but we will wait for a real
+         * need first. */
+        upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+        set_enum_hd(h, f, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, repeated_enum, &enum_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, scalar_enum, &enum_attr);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, repeated_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr, &name_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        /* XXX: this doesn't support strings that span buffers yet. The base64
+         * encoder will need to be made resumable for this to work properly. */
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_bytes, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_bytes, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, scalar_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef TYPE
+}
+
+static void json_printer_reset(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_json_printer *upb_json_printer_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                          upb_bytessink output) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(a);
+#endif
+
+  upb_json_printer *p = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_json_printer));
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+
+  p->output_ = output;
+  json_printer_reset(p);
+  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in printer.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(a) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  return p->input_;
+}
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_json_printer_newcache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+  upb_json_printercache *cache = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*cache));
+  upb_handlercache *ret = upb_handlercache_new(printer_sethandlers, cache);
+
+  cache->preserve_fieldnames = preserve_proto_fieldnames;
+  upb_handlercache_addcleanup(ret, cache, upb_gfree);
+
+  return ret;
+}